LESSON THREE: Examine Persuasive Elements by Reading, Analyzing, and Discussing Persuasive Text
LESSON DESCRIPTION
Students investigate the elements of persuasion often used in essays and examine the text for assertion, supporting evidence, opposing viewpoints, and arguments against opposing viewpoints.
GRADE-LEVEL EXPECTATIONS
R1H Apply the post-reading skill of _______ to comprehend and interpret text
§ questioning to clarify
§ reflecting
§ analyzing
§ drawing conclusions
§ summarizing
§ paraphrasing
R3B Analyze and evaluate author’s use of figurative language emphasizing irony, imagery, and sound devices in non-fiction text
R3C Analyze and evaluate the logic, reasonableness, and audience appeal of arguments using details from text
LESSON MATERIALS
· Sources of literature
o Chief Red Jacket’s Reply: An Excerpt From An Account of Sa-Go-Ye-Wat-Ha by Elbert Hubbard. Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. (n.d.). Project Gutenberg Online Book Catalog: An Account of Sa-Go-Ye-Wat-Ha, or Red Jacket, and His People, 1750-1830, by Elbert Hubbard. Retrieved January 12, 2006, from http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/etext05/redjk10.txt provided
o Reverend Cram’s Speech to the Iroqious Nation: An Excerpt From An Account of Sa-Go-Ye-Wat-Ha by Elbert Hubbard. Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. (n.d.). Project Gutenberg Online Book Catalog: An Account of Sa-Go-Ye-Wat-Ha, or Red Jacket, and His People, 1750-1830, by Elbert Hubbard. Retrieved January 12, 2006, from http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/etext05/redjk10.txt provided
· Handouts provided
o T-Chart – a variation from T-Chart used in Lesson One
o Chief Red Jacket’s Reply: An Excerpt From An Account of Sa-Go-Ye-Wat-Ha by Elbert Hubbard
o Reverend Cram’s Speech to the Iroqious Nation: An Excerpt From An Account of Sa-Go-Ye-Wat-Ha by Elbert Hubbard
§ Words to know
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o graphic organizer o analyze o evaluate
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o propaganda techniques o persuasive argument (persuasive writing/ argument)
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FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT
Once completed, any of the lesson materials can be collected as a formative assessment.
Lesson Three Discussion Material
Argument
1. the assertion (statement, declaration, claim)
2. the supporting evidence
3. the argument against the opposing viewpoint
Supporting evidence - Types of supporting evidence
1. Fact - something known to be true
2. Statistic - a fact expressed in numbers or percentages
3. Example - a specific instance or event
4. Opinion - a personal judgment based on feelings and beliefs
5. Reason - a sensible and logical explanation
LEARNING ACTIVITIES
1. Revisit the pre-reading graphic organizers used in Lesson One. Compare knowledge gained from reading the passage to the pre-reading preview/ predictions.
Persuasive writing presents an argument and/ or attempts to convince the reader that something is true. The author wants the reader to share their perspective.
2. Introduce/ review the:
§ Argument
1. the assertion (statement, declaration, claim)
2. the supporting evidence
3. the argument against the opposing viewpoint
§ Supporting evidence
1. Fact - something known to be true
2. Statistic - a fact expressed in numbers or percentages
3. Example - a specific instance or event
4. Opinion - a personal judgment based on feelings and beliefs
5. Reason - a sensible and logical explanation
Critical analysis of the assertion and the supporting evidence will identify propaganda or an illogical argument.
3. Use the jigsaw strategy and the argument chart graphic organizer to analyze and evaluate the persuasive elements of the passage.
Ask students to reread and examine Chief Red Jacket’s speech for the:
§ assertion
§ supporting evidence
§ reference to the opposing viewpoint
§ arguments against the opposing view
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to Consider
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What is Chief Red Jacket’s assertion?
What evidence does Chief Red Jacket present to support his assertion?
What is the opposing viewpoint?
Does Chief Red Jacket acknowledge the opposing viewpoint?
What arguments are presented against the opposing viewpoint?
What type of supporting evidence does Chief Red Jacket use? Find all types.
Does Chief Red Jacket rely on propaganda in his argument? If so, what?
How effective is Chief Red Jacket’s choice of supporting evidence?
Does Chief Red Jacket acknowledge an opposing viewpoint?
What specific arguments does Chief Red Jacket use to refute the opposing viewpoint?
What do you think prompted Chief Red Jacket’s reply?
Predict what “Brother’s” assertion was.
Predict the support “Brother” may have offered as evidence. |
4. Provide students with copies of Reverend Cram’s Speech to the Iroqious Nation: An Excerpt From An Account of Sa-Go-Ye-Wat-Ha by Elbert Hubbard. Read the selection aloud while students take notes to complete an argument chart graphic organizer.
5. Students construct an argument chart graphic organizer about Reverend Cram’s speech from their notes.
6. Students compare the effectiveness of the two speeches using a T-Chart to illustrate the points of comparison.
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Questions for Evaluation
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Did you accurately predict what Reverend Cram said in his speech?
Which speech is more persuasive - Reverend Cram’s speech to the Chiefs of the Six Nations or Chief Red Jacket’s reply?
Make connections to current events/ political speeches, (i.e., how could we use an argument chart to analyze political campaign speeches)? |